Pancreatitis is a long-standing complex disease of the pancreas, with multifactorial causes. One of them: a sudden violation of the rules of consumption of fatty foods, overeating, alcohol addiction. Compliance with special dietary rules for pancreatitis is half the treatment success.
The pancreatitis diet was designed to replace and complement the menu with substances that are poorly processed due to a lack of pancreatic enzymes.
Some patients think that nutritional therapy for pancreatitis is no different from diet 5a and continue to follow its recommendations. This is understandable because most individuals initially received long-term treatment for cholecystitis, gallstone disease or hepatitis. They are well aware of Tables 5a and 5, which set the necessary nutritional standards for these diseases.
But if pancreatitis is detected, diet 5a will have to be modified. The changes that occur when the pancreas is damaged require correction of the protein, fat and carbohydrate content. The diet for patients with pancreatitis is called "5p". It increased the protein content by up to 150 g (in No. 5 100-120 g), reduced the amount of fat (in No. 5 at least 70 g) and carbohydrates (in No. 5 at least 300 g). Rules for cooking and restricting food choices remain common.
Essential dietary requirements
The proposed rules for diet 5p do not exclude the use of concomitant diseases of the digestive system. They are important for creating maximum unloading of the pancreas.
- Cook only cooked, boiled, roasted or steamed foods. The frying method is completely prohibited.
- Observe the preservation of the damaged organ by grinding all the dishes during the most acute stage of the disease.
- Moderate temperature required (no sudden fluctuations from cold to hot).
- It is necessary to feed the patient small amounts of food, but every 3-4 hours.
- Avoid abundant single meals, overeating even dietary meals.
- Maintain a daily caloric intake of at least 3, 000 kcal.
The recommended dietary tables according to Povzner take into account the options for periods of exacerbation and beyond, when the pain subsides, but it is very important to maintain and continue adequate nutrition in pancreatitis.
5p diet option for exacerbation of pancreatitis
The clinical manifestations of acute and chronic pancreatitis in the acute phase (acute pain, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea) do not allow the patient to eat in the usual way. The treatment regimen requires a complete fast for two to four days. You can't drink it either, for the first few days the liquid is injected intravenously.
After stopping vomiting and pain, an initial 5p diet is prescribed. Its goal is to reduce the formation of gastric acid and allow the pancreas to concentrate all its forces in the process of fighting for survival.
The diet allows a period of use not exceeding two weeks, since its composition is not balanced (proteins are reduced to 60 g, fats up to 50 g, carbohydrates up to 200-280 g, with a total caloric content of 1. 800 kcal). Of course, bed rest and lack of physical activity are recommended.
The menu of a pancreatitis patient's food table consists of crushed mucous cereal soups, liquid cereals in water (semolina and rice), vegetable mashed potatoes or carrots with the addition of zucchini, cooked squash (excludes cabbage in alltypes), jelly, jelly, puddings, some white cookies. Everything is served and cooked without oil. You can drink water up to 2 liters, decoction of rosehip, weak tea slightly sweet. After this option, on the recommendation of the doctor, they switch to the second type of food.
Diet without exacerbation of pancreatitis
The start of an effective recovery process is assessed by normalizing the temperature, decreasing the frequency of diarrhea and the absence of pain. The pancreatitis diet is expanding, but the maximum standards for proteins, fats and carbohydrates are observed. It is necessary to include a set of vitamins in the current therapeutic diet to activate the body's defenses. The patient will have to adhere to this diet for life.
Diet for pancreatitis categorically prohibits:
- fatty meat, fish and rich vegetarian soups (with cabbage or mushrooms);
- fatty beef and pork, duck;
- lard and cooking oil;
- Smoked meats, hot snacks, sauces, canned foods in any form, sausages;
- rich pastries, culinary creams, chocolate, pies, black bread;
- of vegetables, the pancreatitis diet does not recommend radish, cabbage, turnip, sorrel, spinach;
- soft drinks, beer, alcohol, coffee.
Recommended products and meals:
- dry white bread or croutons, dry biscuits;
- lean meat and poultry dishes, steamed, baked in the oven, meatballs, meatballs and meat casseroles;
- cereal soups, with pasta, you can season with sour cream;
- non-acidic cottage cheese, hard cheese varieties;
- butter or vegetable oil should be added directly to the dish, no more than one tablespoon a day;
- semi-liquid porridge, boiled in water or diluted milk;
- baked apples without sugar, jam or fruit jam;
- Light tea with milk or rosehips in broth, lightly sweetened.
The pancreatitis diet in remission recommends the following sample menu for a working person:
- Breakfast before work - you can make a steamed protein omelet with two eggs or half a portion of oats in milk, tea with milk.
- Breakfast # 2 (at lunchtime) - eat cooked meat with mashed potatoes or vegetables, half a pack of curd, if at work there is an opportunity to heat it in the microwave, be sure to use it.
- Slightly sweet tea.
- Lunch (at home after work) - vegetarian half-potato potato soup, steamed meatballs with vegetable puree, apple jam with xylitol.
- Dinner - a piece of cooked chicken, cottage cheese casserole, tea with milk.
- In the evening (maximum 21 hours) fruit jelly with xylitol.
It is possible to eat unpolished fruits and vegetables, as well as to extend the diet only with the agreement of a doctor, after examination to verify that the enzymatic activity of the pancreas has been restored and that there is no inflammation.